Q1. A therapist counts the number of times a student calls out in class. What type of measurement is this? A. Duration B. Frequency C. Latency D. Interval — Answer: B. Frequency — Frequency is the count of behavior occurrences. Q2. A client engages in hand-flapping for 2 minutes. What is being measured? A. Duration B. Latency C. Rate D. Interval — Answer: A. Duration — Duration measures how long a behavior lasts. Q3. A child begins brushing their teeth 8 seconds after being told. What type of data is this? A. Latency B. Duration C. Rate D. Frequency — Answer: A. Latency — Latency is the time between instruction and response. Q4. A therapist records the number of times a client says “hi” per minute. What measurement is this? A. Rate B. Frequency C. Duration D. IRT — Answer: A. Rate — Rate = frequency over time. Q5. A therapist notes that 5 seconds pass between two instances of clapping. This is: A. IRT B. Duration C. Frequency D. Latency — Answer: A. IRT — Interresponse Time measures time between two behaviors. Q6. A therapist checks every 30 seconds to see if a student is on task. This is: A. Frequency B. Momentary Time Sampling C. Duration D. Latency — Answer: B. Momentary Time Sampling — Momentary time sampling records behavior at the end of intervals. Q7. Which data system gives the most precise measure of behavior? A. Interval recording B. Duration recording C. Frequency recording D. Time sampling — Answer: C. Frequency recording — Frequency gives exact counts. Q8. Which recording method overestimates behavior? A. Partial interval B. Whole interval C. Momentary time sampling D. Frequency — Answer: A. Partial interval — Partial interval may inflate occurrence. Q9. Which recording method underestimates behavior? A. Whole interval B. Partial interval C. Momentary time sampling D. Frequency — Answer: A. Whole interval — Whole interval misses brief behaviors. Q10. Which measurement would best capture how long a tantrum lasts? A. Frequency B. Duration C. Latency D. Interval — Answer: B. Duration — Duration measures total length of behavior. Q11. A therapist records whether a behavior occurs at any time during a 10-second interval. This is: A. Partial interval B. Whole interval C. Duration D. Latency — Answer: A. Partial interval — Partial interval = behavior occurs at least once in interval. Q12. A therapist records whether a child is on task for the entire 30-second interval. This is: A. Partial interval B. Whole interval C. Momentary time sampling D. Latency — Answer: B. Whole interval — Whole interval requires behavior to occur the whole time. Q13. Asking a parent to describe what triggers their child’s tantrums is an example of: A. Direct measurement B. Indirect assessment C. Functional analysis D. Latency recording — Answer: B. Indirect assessment — Indirect = interviews, checklists, rating scales. Q14. A preference assessment identifies: A. What causes problem behavior B. What reinforcers are effective C. How long a behavior lasts D. How often a behavior occurs — Answer: B. What reinforcers are effective — Preference assessments reveal potential reinforcers. Q15. Which is a direct assessment method? A. Parent interview B. Staff questionnaire C. ABC recording D. Rating scale — Answer: C. ABC recording — ABC recording directly observes antecedent, behavior, consequence. Q16. A single-stimulus preference assessment involves: A. Giving a client two choices at once B. Offering one item at a time C. Watching which toys a client plays with D. Asking a parent to choose — Answer: B. Offering one item at a time — Single-stimulus = present one item individually. Q17. Which assessment shows how problem behavior is maintained? A. Preference assessment B. Functional assessment C. Baseline measurement D. Skill assessment — Answer: B. Functional assessment — Functional assessment finds function of behavior. Q18. ABC stands for: A. Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence B. Antecedent, Baseline, Condition C. Assessment, Behavior, Control D. Analysis, Behavior, Consequence — Answer: A. Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence — ABC = events before, during, and after behavior. Q19. Teaching a client to tie shoes by breaking down the steps is called: A. Shaping B. Task analysis C. Prompt fading D. Generalization — Answer: B. Task analysis — Task analysis breaks skills into steps. Q20. Teaching one step at a time and prompting the rest is: A. Forward chaining B. Backward chaining C. Total task training D. Shaping — Answer: A. Forward chaining — Forward chaining teaches first step, then next. Q21. Teaching the last step first is: A. Forward chaining B. Backward chaining C. Shaping D. Discrete trial — Answer: B. Backward chaining — Backward chaining teaches the final step first. Q22. In discrete-trial teaching, the instruction given to the client is the: A. Reinforcer B. Prompt C. Discriminative stimulus D. Consequence — Answer: C. Discriminative stimulus — The instruction signals the opportunity for a response. Q23. When a therapist uses hand-over-hand to help a child pick up a spoon, this is: A. Independent response B. Physical prompt C. Modeling D. Verbal prompt — Answer: B. Physical prompt — Physical prompts guide movement. Q24. Which prompt is most intrusive? A. Verbal B. Gesture C. Physical D. Visual — Answer: C. Physical — Physical prompts give most control. Q25. Gradually reducing the level of prompting is called: A. Shaping B. Fading C. Chaining D. Reinforcing — Answer: B. Fading — Fading reduces prompts over time. Q26. Providing reinforcement only when the correct response occurs is: A. Differential reinforcement B. Negative reinforcement C. Extinction D. Punishment — Answer: A. Differential reinforcement — Differential reinforcement strengthens desired responses. Q27. A child learns to say “dog” only when seeing an actual dog, not a cat. This is: A. Generalization B. Discrimination C. Prompting D. Shaping — Answer: B. Discrimination — Discrimination = response occurs to one stimulus, not others. Q28. Teaching a child to say “hello” to many different people demonstrates: A. Discrimination B. Generalization C. Shaping D. Task analysis — Answer: B. Generalization — Generalization = skill applies across people, places, situations. Q29. Reinforcing successive steps toward a behavior is: A. Chaining B. Fading C. Shaping D. Modeling — Answer: C. Shaping — Shaping reinforces approximations. Q30. Which is an example of incidental teaching? A. Practicing flashcards B. Using natural opportunities to teach C. Practicing in therapy room only D. Following a strict trial schedule — Answer: B. Using natural opportunities to teach — Incidental teaching occurs in natural settings. Q31. Which is an example of discrete-trial training? A. A therapist asks, “What is this?” while showing a card B. A child requests a snack naturally C. A parent reinforces saying “please” at dinner D. A teacher provides choices during recess — Answer: A. A therapist asks, “What is this?” while showing a card — DTT has clear instruction, response, and consequence. Q32. Which is an example of a conditioned reinforcer? A. Food B. Water C. Stickers D. Sleep — Answer: C. Stickers — Conditioned reinforcers are learned, like tokens or stickers. Q33. Which is an unconditioned reinforcer? A. Praise B. Toys C. Water D. Money — Answer: C. Water — Unconditioned reinforcers meet biological needs. Q34. Which reinforcement schedule produces steady responding? A. Fixed ratio B. Fixed interval C. Variable ratio D. Variable interval — Answer: D. Variable interval — VI schedules produce steady response rates. Q35. A slot machine works on which schedule? A. Fixed interval B. Fixed ratio C. Variable ratio D. Variable interval — Answer: C. Variable ratio — VR produces high, steady responding (like gambling). Q36. Teaching a skill with all steps completed each time is: A. Forward chaining B. Backward chaining C. Total task training D. Shaping — Answer: C. Total task training — Total task requires client to attempt every step. Q37. Which is the best way to promote maintenance of a skill? A. Provide reinforcement only in therapy B. Reinforce occasionally in natural settings C. Always prompt the skill D. Use mass trials — Answer: B. Reinforce occasionally in natural settings — Natural reinforcement promotes maintenance. Q38. Which example demonstrates generalization? A. A child learns to say “dog” only with flashcards B. A child says “dog” when seeing a real dog at the park C. A child says “dog” only when asked by therapist D. A child claps only when told — Answer: B. A child says “dog” when seeing a real dog at the park — Applying skill to new environment = generalization. Q39. Which is the best way to encourage independence? A. Delay prompts B. Increase reinforcement C. Use stronger prompts D. Provide constant feedback — Answer: A. Delay prompts — Prompt delay encourages independent responding. Q40. Modeling involves: A. Reinforcing behavior B. Demonstrating behavior for imitation C. Using physical prompts D. Fading prompts — Answer: B. Demonstrating behavior for imitation — Modeling shows how to perform a skill. Q41. Token economies use: A. Punishment B. Secondary reinforcers C. Extinction D. Negative reinforcement — Answer: B. Secondary reinforcers — Tokens are conditioned reinforcers. Q42. Which teaching method uses natural consequences? A. DTT B. Incidental teaching C. Chaining D. Shaping — Answer: B. Incidental teaching — Incidental teaching uses naturally occurring reinforcers. Q43. Which is an example of a discriminative stimulus (SD)? A. Teacher says, “Clap your hands” B. Child claps C. Teacher gives a high five D. Child smiles — Answer: A. Teacher says, “Clap your hands” — The SD is the instruction that signals reinforcement is available. Q44. Which prompt should be used last when fading? A. Gesture B. Verbal C. Physical D. Independent — Answer: B. Verbal — Verbal prompts are harder to fade and should be used carefully. Q45. Extinction means: A. Reducing a behavior with punishment B. Stopping reinforcement for a behavior C. Ignoring all behaviors D. Using negative reinforcement — Answer: B. Stopping reinforcement for a behavior — Extinction removes reinforcement maintaining behavior. Q46. A child screams for candy, and the parent no longer gives candy. This is: A. Negative reinforcement B. Extinction C. Punishment D. Shaping — Answer: B. Extinction — Behavior is no longer reinforced. Q47. Which is an example of differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA)? A. Ignoring tantrums B. Reinforcing asking nicely instead of screaming C. Giving a break after screaming D. Punishing tantrums — Answer: B. Reinforcing asking nicely instead of screaming — DRA reinforces an alternative appropriate behavior. Q48. Differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) means: A. Reinforce behavior similar to target B. Reinforce any behavior except the problem C. Reinforce problem behavior D. Punish all behaviors — Answer: B. Reinforce any behavior except the problem — DRO provides reinforcement when problem behavior does not occur. Q49. Time-out is effective when: A. It removes access to reinforcement B. It involves ignoring all behaviors C. It lasts a long time D. It is paired with reinforcement — Answer: A. It removes access to reinforcement — Time-out removes reinforcement opportunities. Q50. Response cost involves: A. Giving extra chores B. Taking away tokens or privileges C. Ignoring behavior D. Adding reinforcement — Answer: B. Taking away tokens or privileges — Response cost removes a reinforcer following behavior. Q51. Which is a function of behavior? A. Hitting B. Escape C. Crying D. Aggression — Answer: B. Escape — Functions include escape, attention, access, sensory. Q52. Behavior maintained by sensory stimulation is: A. Attention-maintained B. Escape-maintained C. Automatic D. Access-maintained — Answer: C. Automatic — Automatic reinforcement = sensory consequences. Q53. A functional behavior intervention plan should: A. Focus on punishment B. Address skill building and reinforcement C. Ignore replacement behaviors D. Use only extinction — Answer: B. Address skill building and reinforcement — Good plans teach replacement skills and reinforce them. Q54. Extinction bursts are: A. Permanent increases in behavior B. Temporary increases before decrease C. A sign extinction isn’t working D. Punishment side effects — Answer: B. Temporary increases before decrease — Extinction bursts occur when reinforcement stops. Q55. Which is a proactive strategy? A. Providing choices to prevent problem behavior B. Giving time-out after aggression C. Using response cost after tantrum D. Ignoring problem behavior — Answer: A. Providing choices to prevent problem behavior — Proactive = preventing problems. Q56. Noncontingent reinforcement means: A. Providing reinforcement only for problem behavior B. Delivering reinforcement on a schedule, regardless of behavior C. Reinforcing alternative behaviors only D. Using punishment consistently — Answer: B. Delivering reinforcement on a schedule, regardless of behavior — NCR reduces problem behavior by giving reinforcement freely. Q57. Which is the best way to document data? A. Write opinions B. Record observable behaviors C. Record what parents say only D. Guess frequency — Answer: B. Record observable behaviors — Documentation should be objective and measurable. Q58. Progress notes should include: A. Client’s mood only B. Objective data on goals C. Therapist’s personal opinion D. Parent’s perspective only — Answer: B. Objective data on goals — Progress notes track measurable progress. Q59. If a client falls during session, what should you do? A. Ignore it B. Document incident and follow procedures C. Call a friend D. Tell the client to report it — Answer: B. Document incident and follow procedures — Incidents must be recorded properly. Q60. RBT data collection should be: A. Accurate and timely B. Delayed and approximate C. Written casually D. Shared only verbally — Answer: A. Accurate and timely — Data must be correct and immediate. Q61. Confidential client notes must be: A. Stored securely B. Left on desk C. Shared freely D. Sent to anyone — Answer: A. Stored securely — Confidentiality is required. Q62. An RBT shares data with: A. Client’s teacher only B. Family without consent C. Supervisor and authorized team D. Friends — Answer: C. Supervisor and authorized team — Share data only with authorized people. Q63. Objective notes include: A. “Client was rude” B. “Client cried for 5 minutes” C. “Client was lazy” D. “Client seemed upset” — Answer: B. “Client cried for 5 minutes” — Objective notes are measurable and observable. Q64. Who is responsible for analyzing data trends? A. RBT B. Parent C. BCBA supervisor D. Teacher — Answer: C. BCBA supervisor — Supervisors analyze, RBTs collect. Q65. Which is appropriate for session notes? A. “Client seemed happy” B. “Client completed 5/10 math problems independently” C. “I think client will improve soon” D. “Client acted bad” — Answer: B. “Client completed 5/10 math problems independently” — Notes should include measurable data. Q66. If data collection sheet is lost, RBT should: A. Guess and rewrite B. Inform supervisor immediately C. Ignore it D. Ask parent to recall — Answer: B. Inform supervisor immediately — Report missing data to supervisor. Q67. An RBT is asked to design a new behavior plan. What should they do? A. Create the plan B. Ask BCBA for guidance C. Copy another client’s plan D. Refuse all clients — Answer: B. Ask BCBA for guidance — RBTs do not design plans, supervisors do. Q68. If a parent asks for advice outside the plan, RBT should: A. Provide personal advice B. Follow supervisor’s guidance C. Make up new strategies D. Ignore the request — Answer: B. Follow supervisor’s guidance — Only follow the treatment plan. Q69. Which is a violation of confidentiality? A. Discussing client progress with supervisor B. Sharing client data with friends C. Writing session notes D. Using secure storage — Answer: B. Sharing client data with friends — Confidentiality prohibits sharing with unauthorized people. Q70. Dual relationships should be: A. Avoided B. Encouraged C. Ignored D. Required — Answer: A. Avoided — Dual relationships may create conflicts of interest. Q71. RBTs should receive supervision: A. Monthly minimum 5% of hours B. Annually C. Only when needed D. Not required — Answer: A. Monthly minimum 5% of hours — BACB requires ongoing supervision. Q72. RBTs must: A. Work under supervision B. Work independently C. Design behavior programs D. Supervise others — Answer: A. Work under supervision — RBTs always work under BCBA/BCaBA. Q73. If unsure how to implement a procedure, RBT should: A. Guess what to do B. Ask supervisor for clarification C. Ask parent D. Skip the step — Answer: B. Ask supervisor for clarification — Always seek guidance when unclear. Q74. When should RBT report concerns about client safety? A. Immediately B. After the session ends C. Next week D. Never — Answer: A. Immediately — Safety concerns must be reported right away. Q75. Which is an ethical duty of an RBT? A. Follow the BACB code B. Ignore confidentiality C. Give personal advice D. Work without supervision — Answer: A. Follow the BACB code — RBTs must follow the BACB ethics code.